Nigeria

Adire is made by tying, stitching or painting cassava paste onto cloth before dyeing it in indigo, so the covered areas resist the colour.

In Abeokuta the trade has been organised by women's guilds for generations, with patterns named after events, sayings and people.

The hourglass-shaped dùndún is squeezed under the arm to change tension, which changes pitch. Because Yorùbá is a tonal language, the drum can approximate sentences.

Drummers announce arrivals, praise lineages and pass messages across a gathering without a single spoken word.

Ifá is a Yoruba system of knowledge and divination in which a babaláwo reads a figure cast with palm nuts or a divining chain and recites the verses attached to it.

The corpus is organised into 256 odù, each holding poems, proverbs, histories and case stories that are applied to the question brought by the client. Training takes years of memorisation.

UNESCO inscribed Ifá on its list of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity in 2008.